Fertility

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Obstetrics & Gynaecology

4. What are the effects of trauma on fertility in women?

Ans:

Different things can happen to a woman's fertility as a result of trauma. Here are some possible consequences trauma may have on fertility, while the precise impact will depend on the kind, extent, and length of the trauma as well as individual factors:

1.     Menstrual cycle disruption: Serious stress or trauma can throw off the body's hormonal balance, which may result in erratic or non-existent menstrual cycles. Hormonal abnormalities might interfere with ovulation and make it challenging to get pregnant.

2.     Reduction in libido: Trauma can have a substantial negative effect on a woman's emotional health and reduce her desire for sexual engagement, which results in a reduction in libido. The likelihood of conception and the frequency of sexual activity may be impacted by this.

3.     Psychological obstacles: Traumatic events like sexual assault or abuse can result in psychological suffering such as anxiety, sadness, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These ailments may make it difficult for a woman to conceive and may limit her capacity to engage in sexual activity.

4.     Relationship difficulties: Trauma can cause relationships to become strained and can even result in the dissolution of relationships. Sexual function and fertility might be impacted by relationship stress.

5.     Medical problems: Trauma can occasionally cause physical injuries or medical issues that have an immediate impact on fertility. For instance, pelvic injuries from accidents or operations may affect the reproductive system's functionality.

6.     Coping strategies: People who have been through trauma may use a variety of coping strategies, like abusing drugs or engaging in unhealthy behaviours, to cope with their mental discomfort. These coping methods may have a detrimental effect on reproductive as well as general health.

It's crucial to remember that while trauma can damage fertility, pregnancy is not always impossible. Trauma-related fertility problems may only last a short while, and many women can still get pregnant with the right encouragement, care, and patience. In order to address the impact of trauma on fertility, it can be helpful to seek professional assistance from healthcare specialists who specialise in reproductive health and mental health.

5. Does GERD usually get worse during pregnancy?

Ans:

Yes, pregnancy frequently makes gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) worse. GERD is a condition where the oesophagus becomes damaged by stomach acid, leading to symptoms including regurgitation, chest pain, and heartburn. GERD during pregnancy can deteriorate for a number of reasons:

1.     Hormonal changes: The muscles that ordinarily maintain the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) securely closed can relax during pregnancy. In order to stop acid reflux, the LES, a ring of muscle, serves as a barrier between the stomach and the oesophagus. GERD symptoms may worsen as the LES relaxes, making it easier for stomach acid to flow back into the oesophagus.

2.     Increased pressure on the abdomen: Pressure on the abdomen, particularly the stomach, increases as the pregnancy continues due to the expanding uterus. This increased pressure has the potential to cause or worsen GERD symptoms by forcing stomach acid up into the oesophagus.

3.     Changes in eating habits: Pregnant women may notice changes in their appetites, food cravings, and eating behaviours. A number of foods, including citrus fruits, spicy or fatty foods, chocolate, and spicy or fatty foods are known to cause or exacerbate GERD symptoms. These kinds of foods may cause greater GERD symptoms if a pregnant woman eats them more regularly.

Pregnant women who notice their GERD symptoms are getting worse should speak with their doctor. They are able to offer pertinent guidance and suggest safe medication or lifestyle changes to assist control the symptoms while considering the health of both the mother and the unborn child.

6.     Can IUI be combined with fertility drugs?

Ans:

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is compatible with fertility medications. In reality, combining fertility medications with IUI is a typical practise to improve the likelihood of a successful pregnancy.

To encourage the growth and release of several eggs during a woman's menstrual cycle, fertility medications are frequently recommended. Ovarian stimulation is the name given to this action. The likelihood of fertilisation and a successful pregnancy is increased by creating more eggs.

Although the specific fertility treatments combined with IUI vary, they frequently contain pharmaceuticals like:

Clomiphene citrate (Clomid): The medicine clomiphene citrate (Clomid) promotes the release of hormones that cause ovulation.

Gonadotropins: Gonadotropins are hormones that can be injected and which compel the ovaries to release a large number of mature eggs.

The IUI process is carried out after the eggs have reached maturity. The male partner's sperm is cleaned, concentrated, and then delivered via catheter into the female partner's uterus during IUI. The likelihood of successful fertilisation is raised by inserting the sperm straight into the uterus rather than going through the cervix.

Couples with specific fertility problems, such as ovulatory abnormalities, mild male factor infertility, or unexplained infertility, may find that combining IUI with fertility medications is a helpful therapy option. However, the precise course of treatment will rely on each patient's unique situation and the advice of a reproductive professional. A reproductive endocrinologist or fertility specialist should be consulted to identify the best course of action for your particular circumstance.

7.     When is surgery advised for an ectopic pregnancy?

Ans:

§  When an ectopic pregnancy threatens the mother's health and safety, surgery is often indicated.

§  When a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube, it is known as an ectopic pregnancy. This can result in the tube rupturing and life-threatening hemorrhage.

§  The ectopic pregnancy may be treatable with medicines if it is discovered early and is not too large.

§  Surgery can be required to remove the pregnant tissue or the afflicted fallopian tube, though, if the pregnancy is larger or has ruptured.

§  A woman's symptoms, her desire for future fertility, the size and location of the pregnancy, the amount of hCG hormone in her blood, and other variables all play a role in the decision to undertake surgery for an ectopic pregnancy.

§  The optimal course of treatment for each specific situation should be decided in consultation with a medical expert.