Diabetes
66. What are the effects of white/refined
flour on blood sugar levels in diabetic patients?
Ans:
§ White or refined flour has a high glycaemic
index, which implies that after consumption, blood sugar levels may rise
quickly and significantly. Diabetes sufferers may find this especially
challenging because their bodies have trouble controlling blood sugar levels.
§ When white or refined flour is ingested, it
swiftly breaks down during digestion into glucose. This causes a sharp rise in
blood sugar levels, which releases insulin to assist in delivering glucose into
cells.
§ However, diabetes causes elevated blood sugar
levels because either insufficient insulin is produced (Type 1 diabetes) or the
body cannot efficiently use the insulin that is produced (Type 2 diabetes).
§ Consuming foods made with white or refined
flour frequently might cause repeated blood sugar spikes, which may eventually
make it harder to control blood sugar levels.
§ Additionally, it can cause weight gain and
raise your risk of getting other diseases like cardiovascular disease.
§ Complex carbs having a lower glycemic index,
such as whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables, are typically advised
for those with diabetes.
§ Because these foods digest more slowly,
glucose is released into the system more gradually and blood sugar levels are
better controlled.
§ It's crucial for people with diabetes to
engage with a healthcare professional to create a customised meal plan that
takes into consideration their unique dietary needs, including controlling
blood sugar levels.
§ Examples of such professionals include a
licenced dietitian or a diabetes educator.
67. What happens if a non-diabetic takes 25 units of insulin?
Ans:
The pancreas secretes the hormone insulin,
which aids in controlling blood sugar levels. Diabetes patients either do not
create enough insulin (Type 1 diabetes) or do not utilise it properly (Type 2
diabetes). People with diabetes frequently take insulin therapy to control
their blood sugar levels.
Several consequences could happen if a non-diabetic individual took an
insulin dose meant for someone with diabetes:
1. Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar): Insulin helps cells take up glucose from the
bloodstream, lowering blood sugar levels. When insulin is administered when it
is not necessary, blood sugar levels can decrease quickly, resulting in
symptoms like shakiness, dizziness, sweating, confusion, and, in extreme
circumstances, loss of consciousness or seizures.
2. Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar): Although less likely, in some circumstances,
the body may react to the extra insulin by producing hormones that regulate
blood sugar, such as glucagon and adrenaline, which results in a brief rise in
blood sugar levels. In order to maintain normal blood sugar levels and avoid
hypoglycaemia, this compensating mechanism is used.
3. No significant effect: No discernible impact Insulin use can have a variety of effects on a
non-diabetic person's body. There may be little to no change in blood sugar
levels, depending on the person's insulin sensitivity, the amount of insulin
administered, and other elements.
It is critical to emphasise that insulin is a
powerful medication and that using it without a prescription or under the right
supervision can be deadly. If someone mistakenly takes insulin or thinks they
may have taken an excessive quantity, they should get help right once. A
medical expert can evaluate the condition, keep track of blood sugar levels,
and administer the necessary care to avoid consequences.
68. What are
the side effects of stopping insulin?
Ans:
It's crucial to know that discontinuing
insulin abruptly or without consulting a doctor can have major repercussions if
you take it to treat your diabetes. Since insulin is essential for controlling
blood sugar levels, stopping it without taking appropriate substitute
medications might result in hyperglycaemia and other possibly fatal
consequences.
The risks and potential negative effects of suddenly quitting insulin
are listed below:
Hyperglycaemia: Without insulin, your body may
find it difficult to control blood sugar levels, which can result in
hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar). This may result in signs including increased
urination, frequent urination, weariness, hazy vision, and a higher risk of infection.
1. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): The body cannot adequately utilise glucose for
energy if insulin is withdrawn. As a result, the body begins utilising fat as
fuel, resulting in the creation of ketones. DKA is a dangerous disorder that
can be brought on by high blood ketones and necessitates rapid medical
intervention. Excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea, vomiting, stomach
discomfort, fruity breath, confusion, and weariness are a few signs of DKA.
2. Long-term complications: Uncontrolled high blood sugar levels over time
can raise the risk of a number of long-term complications related to diabetes,
including heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage, and eye issues.
3. Emergency situations: Situations that require immediate attention:
Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS), a diabetic emergency characterised by
excessively high blood sugar levels and dehydration, can develop from severe
hyperglycaemia. HHS needs emergency medical attention.
If you're thinking about stopping your insulin
or making any other changes to your diabetes treatment plan, it's critical to
speak with a healthcare provider. They can advise you on the best course of
action and assist you in managing your condition safely.
69. Can the brain be tested for diseases like we test blood or urine to
see if someone has diabetes or high cholesterol?
Ans:
Yes, a variety of techniques can be used to
examine the brain for different illnesses and ailments. Although diagnosing
disorders in the brain is more difficult than in the blood or urine, there are
a number of procedures available to evaluate brain health. Here are a few
typical techniques for assessing the brain:
1. Imaging Techniques: The structure, function, and blood flow of the
brain can be visualised in great detail using medical imaging techniques like
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron
emission tomography (PET) scans. These imaging tests can aid in the early
detection of brain anomalies, tumours, strokes, or other physical alterations.
2. Electroencephalography (EEG): The non-invasive method of
electroencephalography (EEG) is used to gauge the electrical activity of the
brain. In order to record the electrical signals coming from the brain,
electrodes are positioned on the scalp. Diagnoses for epilepsy, sleep problems,
and brain tumours can be made with the aid of EEG.
3. Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap): Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which surrounds the brain and spinal cord, may
occasionally be examined with a lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap.
Infections, inflammation, and some neurological diseases like multiple
sclerosis can all be found via CSF analysis.
4. Genetic Testing: Specific gene mutations or variants linked to
neurological illnesses can be found via genetic tests. Diagnoses for genetic
disorders including Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or specific
types of epilepsy can be made with the aid of these tests.
5. Neuropsychological Testing: Neuropsychological tests are used to evaluate several areas of brain
function, including cognition, memory, attention, and others. These
examinations can reveal important details regarding brain disorders like
dementia, traumatic brain injury, or cognitive disability.
It's crucial to remember that a combination of
these techniques and a comprehensive clinical assessment by a medical
practitioner are frequently needed to diagnose brain illnesses. The tests used
will depend on the suspected illness, the patient's specific symptoms, and
their medical background.
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