Orthopedics
37. What impact does osteoporosis have on the
density of bones?
Ans:
·
Low bone
density and structural bone tissue degradation, which enhance fragility and
fracture risk, are the hallmarks of the medical disorder osteoporosis. The
disorder has an impact on the body's total bone density and toughness.
·
Bones in
healthy people continually remodel, meaning that old bone tissue is removed and
replaced with new bone tissue. This equilibrium is upset by osteoporosis, which
leads to an imbalance between bone synthesis and bone resorption and a decline
in bone mineral density (BMD). BMD stands for bone mineral density, and it
describes how much calcium and phosphorus are present in a given volume of
bone.
·
As a result
of osteoporosis, the bone mineral density declines, weakening and increasing
the risk of fracture in the bones.
·
Although
this loss of bone density can affect any portion of the skeleton, the wrists,
hips, and spine are the most often affected areas. Because of this, even slight
stressors or trauma can induce fractures in people with osteoporosis that
wouldn't be serious for people with healthy bones.
·
It's
important to remember that there are several ways to measure bone density,
including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, which give a T-score or
Z-score to determine bone health. The Z-score compares bone density to an
age-matched population, whereas the T-score compares it to a young, healthy
adult of the same sex. Osteoporosis is often indicated by a T-score of -2.5 or
lower.
·
In
conclusion, osteoporosis has a detrimental effect on bone density, causing a
drop-in bone mineral density and a rise in the risk of fractures. In order to
manage the condition and lower the risk of fractures, it is crucial for people
who are at risk for or have been diagnosed with osteoporosis to seek the right
medical care, including lifestyle changes and available medications.
38. Can
physiotherapy provide effective back pain relief?
Ans:
Yes, physiotherapy can be
a successful treatment for back pain. Physical function and mobility are the
main goals of the medical specialty of physiotherapy. It uses a variety of
methods and exercises to treat musculoskeletal problems, such as back discomfort.
Physiotherapy can effectively relieve back pain in the following
ways:
1. Assessment and
Diagnosis: A
physiotherapist will evaluate your condition, pinpoint the source of your back
pain, and create a treatment strategy that is suitable for you and your unique
needs.
2. Pain Management: Physiotherapists
employ a variety of treatments to treat pain, including ultrasound, electrical
stimulation, heat or cold therapy, and manual therapy methods. These methods
aid in lowering back discomfort and inflammation.
3. Manual therapy: Physiotherapists are educated in manual
therapy methods such spine manipulation, soft tissue mobilisation, and joint
mobilisation. These methods can lessen muscular tension, increase joint
mobility, and relieve back discomfort.
4. Exercise and
stretching: To strengthen the muscles supporting the
back and increase flexibility, physiotherapists recommend certain exercises and
stretching routines. These exercises can improve spinal stability, strengthen
weak muscles, correct postural abnormalities, and minimise pain.
5. Education and lifestyle
changes: To reduce extra stress on
the back, physiotherapists educate patients about good posture, body mechanics,
and ergonomics. In order to encourage a healthier spine, they could also advise
adjusting everyday routines and suggest lifestyle changes.
6. Conditioning and
Rehabilitation: Physiotherapy may involve rehabilitation
programmes to treat persistent back pain, as well as those following back
surgery or an injury. These programmes concentrate on improving strength and
endurance, permitting a safe return to regular activities, and regaining
function.
It's crucial to remember
that physiotherapy's ability to relieve back pain might vary depending on the
patient and the underlying cause of the pain. Having a conversation with a
licenced physiotherapist will help you choose the best course of action for
your unique problem.
39. Does
bone density decrease due to not chewing for a long time?
Ans:
·
Genetics, hormones, nutrition, physical
activity, and general health are the main determinants of bone density.
Although chewing has some effect on bone density, it is quite insignificant in
comparison to these other factors.
·
The process of chewing, especially when
consuming tough or hard foods, can impose mechanical stress on the jawbones,
stimulating bone remodelling and assisting in maintaining bone density. The
density of other bones in the body is not directly impacted by this effect,
which is restricted to the jawbones.
·
Weight-bearing workouts, hormonal harmony
(particularly oestrogen and testosterone), calcium and vitamin D intake, and
overall nutrition all play major roles in regulating bone density throughout
the rest of the body.
·
Regular exercise, such as weightlifting or
walking, can strengthen the skeletal system and promote bone remodelling, both
of which can improve bone density.
·
Despite the fact that prolonged abstinence
from chewing owing to particular conditions (such as jaw surgery or a liquid
diet) would lower the mechanical stress on the jawbones, the effect on general
bone density would be negligible. It is important to keep in mind that a diet
deficient in important nutrients, such as calcium and vitamin D, may eventually
cause a decline in bone density; however, this would not be entirely
attributable to insufficient chewing.
·
It is advised to speak with a healthcare
expert if you are worried about your bone health so they can evaluate your
unique circumstances and offer pertinent advice.
40. What
are the symptoms arthritis?
Ans:
A range of diseases collectively referred to
as arthritis induce joint discomfort and inflammation. Depending on the
particular form of arthritis and the severity of the ailment, the symptoms of
arthritis might change. But some typical signs of arthritis include:
1. Joint discomfort: One of the main signs of arthritis is ongoing
pain in one or more joints. Movement may make the pain worse and it may be
subtle, painful, or intense.
2. Joint stiffness: Arthritis can make the affected joints stiff,
particularly after extended periods of rest or inactivity. Numerous kinds of
arthritis are characterised by morning stiffness.
3. Swelling and tenderness: Swelling, redness, and increased warmth might occur in the affected area
as a result of joint inflammation. Touching the joints could make them feel
sensitive.
4. Reduced range of motion: Arthritis can limit a joint's ability to move
normally, which leads to a reduced range of motion. Daily activities or hobbies
that call on joint flexibility may become challenging.
5. Joint deformities: Prolonged inflammation
can cause joint deformities or changes in joint shape in some types of
arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis. The impacted joints may develop
noticeable lumps, crookedness, or misalignment as a result.
6. Fatigue: Fatigue and an overall sense of being sick are
common symptoms of arthritis. The body's inflammatory response and the
persistent discomfort brought on by the illness may be to blame for this.
7. Systemic symptoms: In
addition to affecting the joints, some kinds of arthritis, including
rheumatoid, psoriatic, and systemic lupus erythematosus, can also produce
systemic symptoms. Fever, weight loss, skin rashes, eye inflammation, and other
organ involvement are a few examples.
It's important to remember that not everyone
with arthritis will have all of these symptoms, and they can differ from person
to person. It is advised to see a healthcare provider for a precise diagnosis
and the best course of action if you think you might have arthritis.
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