Tetanus

 

Common Questions & Answers

227. Can I get tetanus if there is no wound and no bleeding?

Ans:

·        The bacterium Clostridium tetani, which causes tetanus, can enter the body through open wounds or cuts where it can grow and create toxins. Toxins hurt the nervous system and can cause major health problems.

·        Tetanus is typically spread through infected wounds, especially those with severe punctures or lacerations. Tetanus risk is very minimal if there is no wound and no bleeding since there is no way for the germs to enter the body.

·        The tetanus bacterium can, nevertheless, be present in the environment, including in dust, soil, and animal feces. Tetanus can theoretically spread through mucous membranes or other entrance points; however, this is extremely uncommon and the danger is higher with open wounds.

·        Having current vaccines is crucial for preventing tetanus. The "DTaP" or "Tdap" vaccine, which protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, often contains the tetanus vaccine. To preserve protection against tetanus, regular booster doses of the vaccine are advised, especially if you are at risk owing to an injury or prospective exposure to contaminated surroundings.

228. What could be the causes of facial swelling?

Ans:

Numerous conditions might contribute to facial edema, often known as facial swelling. Common causes include, among others:

1.     Allergies: Facial edema can result from allergic reactions to specific foods, medicines, insect stings, or environmental causes. Angioedema is what this is, and it can come on suddenly and severely.

2.     Infections: Infections including sinusitis, cellulitis (a skin infection), tooth abscess, or measles can cause facial edema.

3.     Dental issues: Localized face edema can be brought on by gum or tooth infections or abscesses.

4.     Trauma or injury: A blow to the face, broken bones, or soft tissue injuries can cause swelling where they occur.

5.     Disorders of the salivary glands: Infections or blockages in the salivary glands can result in facial swelling, particularly in the cheeks and jaw area.

6.     Inflammatory conditions: Conditions that produce face swelling because of inflammation include lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

7.     Fluid retention: Fluid retention can result in facial edema and be brought on by illnesses including kidney issues, heart failure, or liver disease.

8.     Angioedema: In some circumstances, swelling under the skin can develop without a clear cause and is referred to as angioedema.

9.     Medication: One side effect of some drugs is face edema. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), and certain antidepressants are a few examples.

10. Thyroid issues: Facial puffiness can result from an overactive or underactive thyroid gland.

11. Lymphatic system issues: Problems with the lymphatic system can result in facial swelling, which is frequently linked to lymphedema.

12. Systemic allergic reactions: In addition to other symptoms like hives and difficulty breathing, severe allergic reactions like anaphylaxis can result in facial edema.

It's critical to get prompt medical help if you or someone you know is suffering from facial edema without a clear reason or if the swelling is severe and accompanied by breathing difficulties. A medical expert can correctly identify the underlying reason and administer the necessary treatments.

229. Can Lyme disease cause cognitive impairments or memory problems?

Ans:

·        Yes, Lyme illness can occasionally lead to memory loss and cognitive difficulties. The bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and, occasionally, other closely related Borrelia species, are to blame for the tick-borne illness Lyme disease. The bacterium that is present in an infected tick bite can enter the circulation and harm the neurological system among other body systems.

·        Cognitive impairments, memory troubles, attention deficits, difficulty concentrating, brain fog, and other cognitive disorders are just a few of the neurological symptoms of Lyme disease that can present in many ways. The terms "neuroborreliosis" or "neurological Lyme disease" are frequently used to describe this disorder.

·        Uncertainty exists regarding the precise methods by which Lyme illness affects the brain and cognitive processes. However, scientists think that the immune response to the infection of the body as well as the direct impact of the bacteria on the central nervous system may contribute to cognitive deficits.

·        It is significant to remember that neurological symptoms or cognitive deficits are not necessarily present in all Lyme disease patients. When they do appear, these symptoms can vary in intensity and length. Antibiotics must be administered promptly and appropriately to stop the infection's spread and lower the possibility of serious neurological consequences.

·        It is crucial to seek medical assistance from a healthcare provider if you believe you or someone else may have Lyme disease or if you are exhibiting cognitive symptoms connected to Lyme illness. Early detection and intervention can increase the likelihood of a full recovery and lower the danger of long-term problems.

230. Is it possible to catch a mild case of polio?

Ans:

·        The poliovirus is the virus that causes the highly contagious disease polio. The majority of poliovirus infections result in either no symptoms at all or just moderate symptoms, which is known as a "mild case" of polio. It is also referred to as "non-paralytic polio" or "abortive polio."

·        Mild polio symptoms can include fever, sore throat, headache, nausea, exhaustion, and muscle stiffness, but this type of disease usually does not cause paralysis or long-term disabilities. Most people who have mild polio fully recover without any long-term consequences.

·        It's important to remember, though, that not every poliovirus infection will result in mild symptoms. The virus can occasionally result in serious consequences that can result in paralysis and, in extremely rare circumstances, death.

·        The best method for preventing polio is vaccination. The number of polio cases globally has drastically decreased because of the use of the oral polio vaccine (OPV) and the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV).

·        It's important to contact a doctor right once for a correct diagnosis and treatment if you believe you or someone else may have been exposed to polio or are exhibiting any signs of the illness.

231. Why does not eating cause diarrhoea?

Ans:

Not eating, or fasting for expanded periods, can prompt changes in the stomach-related framework that might bring about loose bowels. This peculiarity is generally known as "starvation the runs" or "fasting looseness of the bowels." We should investigate a portion of the justifications for why this occurs:

1. Bile amassing: When you eat, your gallbladder discharges bile to assist with processing food. Notwithstanding, without any food admission, the bile can develop in the digestion tracts. This aggregation of bile might bother the digestion tracts and lead to looseness of the bowels.

2. Decreased gut motility: Eating invigorates the development of food through the intestinal system, a cycle known as stomach motility. At the point when you don't eat, the absence of feeling can dial back the stomach motility, possibly prompting blockage. Nonetheless, now and again, the body might answer by expanding stomach motility, bringing about loose bowels.

3. Imbalance in gut bacteria: Your stomach contains a perplexing biological system of microorganisms that assist with processing and keeping a sound stomach climate. Delayed fasting can prompt changes in the stomach microbe’s organization, which could disturb the ordinary assimilation cycle and cause looseness of the bowels.

4. Electrolyte imbalances: Fasting can prompt diminished admission of fundamental supplements, including electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and magnesium. Electrolyte uneven characteristics can influence the working of the digestive organs and add to the loss of bowels.

5. Overconsumption in the wake of fasting: now and again, after fasting, individuals might gorge or eat food varieties that are hard to process. This unexpected inundation of food can overpower the stomach-related framework, prompting the runs.

It's quite significant that looseness of the bowels during fasting is bound to happen in people who are quick for a lengthy period or who have a background marked by gastrointestinal issues. Transient fasting, like irregular fasting for a couple of hours or a day, might not affect the stomach-related framework and is less inclined to cause loose bowels.

On the off chance that you experience relentless or serious runs during fasting or at some other time, it's fundamental to counsel a medical care professional to decide the hidden reason and get suitable therapy. Drying out and electrolyte uneven characters coming about because of drawn-out runs can be destructive and require clinical consideration.